List the interfaces of industrial control motherboard

What are the main interfaces of a standardmotherboard?

Mainboard hard drive interface: Hard drive interfaces can be divided into IDE interfaces and SATA interfaces. On older models of mainboards, two IDE ports are often integrated. Typically, IDE interfaces are located below the PCI slots, spatially perpendicular to the memory slots (though some may be horizontal). On newer mainboards, IDE interfaces have been mostly reduced or even eliminated, replaced by SATA interfaces.

Mainboard floppy drive interface: used for connecting a floppy drive, often located next to the IDE interface. It is slightly shorter than the IDE interface because it has 34 pins, so the datacable is also slightly narrower.

Mainboard COM interface (serial port): Most motherboards provide two COM interfaces, namely COM1 and COM2, which are used to connect devices such as serial mice and external modems. The I/O address ofthe COM1 interface is 03F8h-03FFh, and the interrupt number is IRQ4; the I/O address of the COM2 interface is 02F8h-02FFh, and the interrupt number is IRQ3.It can be seen that the COM2 interface has priority over the COM1 interface interms of response. Products based on this interface are hard to find on the market.

Mainboard PS/2 interface: The PS/2interface has a relatively simple function, which is only used to connect a keyboard and a mouse. Generally, the mouse interface is green and the keyboard interface is purple. The transmission rate of the PS/2 interface is slightly faster than that of the COM interface. However, after years of use, most motherboards still come equipped with this interface, but fewer and fewer miceand keyboards support it. Most peripheral manufacturers no longer launch peripheral products based on this interface, preferring to launch USB-interface peripheral products instead. It is worth mentioning that due to the wide spreaduse of this interface, many users prefer to use it even when using USB, by plugging it into the PS/2 via a PS/2-USB adapter. Additionally, each generation of keyboard and mouse products has a very long lifespan, and the interface remains highly efficient. However, in the near future, there is a high possibility that it will be completely replaced by the USB interface.

Motherboard USB Interface: The USB interface is currently the most popular interface, capable of supporting up to127 peripherals and providing independent power supply, making it widely used.The USB interface can draw 500mA of current from the motherboard, supports hot plugging, and truly achieves plug-and-play functionality. A single USB interface can simultaneously support access to both high-speed and low-speed USB peripherals, connected via a four-conductor cable, with two conductors for positive and negative power supply and the other two for data transmission. The transmission rate for high-speed peripherals is 12Mbps, while that forlow-speed peripherals is 1.5Mbps. Furthermore, the USB 2.0 standard boasts a maximum transmission rate of 480Mbps. USB 3.0 has already appeared in motherboards and is beginning to gain popularity.

Mainboard LPT interface (parallel port): Itis generally used to connect a printer or scanner. Its default interrupt numberis IRQ7, and it employs a 25-pin DB-25 connector. There are mainly three working modes for the parallel port:

1. SPP standard working mode. SPP data is transmitted in a half-duplex and unidirectional manner, with a relatively slow transmission rate of only 15Kbps. However, it is widely used and is generally set as the default working mode.

2. EPP enhanced working mode. EPP adopts bidirectional half-duplex data transmission, with a transmission rate muchhigher than SPP, reaching up to 2Mbps. Many peripherals have adopted this working mode.

3. ECP extended working mode. ECP adopts bidirectional full-duplex data transmission, with a higher transmission rate than EPP, but it supports fewer devices. Printers and scanners using LPT interfaces are now rarely seen, and most of them use USB interfaces.

Mainboard MIDI interface: The MIDI interface of the sound card and the joy stick interface are shared. Two pins in the interface are used to transmit MIDI signals, allowing connection to various MIDI devices such as electronic keyboards. Products based on this interface are now hard to find on the market.Mainboard SATA Interface: The full name of SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment, a serial hardware drive interface based on industry standards. It is a hard drive interface specification jointly proposed by Intel, IBM, Dell, APT, Maxtor, and Seagate. At the IDF Fall 2001 conference, Seagate announced the Serial ATA 1.0 standard, officially establishing the SATA specification. The SATA specification increases the theoretical external transmission rate of hard drives to 150MB/s, which is 50% higher than the PATA standard ATA/100 and about 13% higher than ATA/133. With the development of future versions, the SATA interface rate can be further extended to 2X and 4X (300MB/s and 600MB/s). From its development plan, the future SATA will also increase the interface transmission rate by increasing the clock frequency, allowing hard drives to be overclocked as well.